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gical techniques 1. Skull base surgery 2. Minimally invasive neurosurgery 3. Neuronavigation systems 4. Intraoperative imaging 5. Brain tumor resection 6. Spinal cord surgery 7. Neurosurgical anatomy 8. Int

judgment, reduce diagnostic errors, and personalize patient care. Future research may focus on validating these hybrid models and refining educational strategies to maintain clinical examination proficiency amidst growing technological reliance. Practical Tips for Clinicians Using D